The Psychological Effects and Cultural Implications of Female Genital Mutilation: A Literature Review

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) has been recognized by the World Health Organizathat examines the long-lasting psychological effects of the practice. The present study is a literature review of the relevant research addressing the negative psychological effects and cultural implications of counseling implications, this paper aims to introduce and explain the main psychological effects that can occur in those who undergo FGM, and to discuss the cultural framework that surrounds the issue. According to this study, the most prevalent and consistently found psychological effects appear to be depression, anxiety-related disorders, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and psychosexual related to social identity.